2025 Quantum Open Source Survey

Unitary Foundation is excited to be sharing the results for the 2025 Quantum Open Source Survey!

This annual survey is a chance for everyone in quantum technology to share their voice and help create an informative and representative snapshot of the community and field. The more we understand about the needs and backgrounds of the quantum computing community, the more we can ensure the field's products/services/events accommodate their users. You can read more about the results in this blog post.

With 1,400+ respondents from around the world, this survey provides a dataset that is both inclusive and representative of current and prospective quantum open-source software (OSS) developers and users, and provides trends from the past 3 years of survey data.

Our results are divided into the following sections:

Demographics

Learn more about the backgrounds of the people who make up our open source community

Experience

See where our community’s skillsets lie

Full-stack Development

Check out which Fullstack Dev tools are currently the most used within our community

Cloud Services

Learn which Cloud Service tools are currently the most used within our community

Software

Find out which Software tools are currently the most used within our community

User Experience

Learn about what our community prioritizes when it comes to user experience with various QOS tools

Open Source Software

Discover all the new research and work being done in the QOS space

Community

Explore the different community engagement efforts that are currently being implemented

Demographics

1) Roles

Which of the following statements describe your role? Please check all that apply.

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[0],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     width: width,
     questionN: 1,
     showTotal: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[0].all[0],
     ],
  }
)

2) Background

Which of the following statements best describe your background?

Total answers: 1134 (2025) – 807 (2024) – 633 (2023)

yearsData2024_2 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Quantum research",
    "value": 56.4
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Classical programming and software technologies",
    "value": 52.3
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Quantum programming and software technologies",
    "value": 40.4
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Non-quantum research",
    "value": 17
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Others",
    "value": 4.8
  }
];

dataWith2024_2 = data.replies_clean[1].slice(0, data.replies_clean[1].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2024_2.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2024'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[1].slice(0, data.replies_clean[1].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2024,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 2,
    max: 60,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[1].all[0], '807'],
    compareWith: '2024',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

yearsData2023_2 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Quantum research",
    "value": 55.5
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Classical programming and software technologies",
    "value": 56.1
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Quantum programming and software technologies",
    "value": 40.1
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Non-quantum research",
    "value": 14.1
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Others",
    "value": 6.3
  }
];

dataWith2023_2 = data.replies_clean[1].slice(0, data.replies_clean[1].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2023_2.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2023'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[1].slice(0, data.replies_clean[1].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2023,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 2,
    max: 60,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[1].all[0], '633'],
    compareWith: '2023',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

2b) Combination of role and background

heatmap(
 roles_background, 
  {
    xName: "background",    
    yName: "role",  
    fillName: "n",
    width: width
  }
)

3) Main reason for involvement in quantum technologies

Which of the following statements best describe your main reason for your involvement in quantum technologies?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[2],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     width: width,
     questionN: 3,
     showTotal: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[2].all[0],
     ],
  }
)

4) Affiliation in quantum technology

Which of the following options represent the type of organization(s) you are affiliated with? Please check all that apply.

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[3],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     width: width,
     questionN: 4,
     showTotal: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[3].all[0],
     ],
  }
)

5) Affiliated organization size in terms of employee number

Approximately how many people are employed by the organization you are currently affiliated with?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[4],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[4].all[0],
       data.n_replies[4].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[4].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[4].student[0],
       data.n_replies[4].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[4].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[4].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[4].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[4].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 5
  }
)

6) Pay for working with quantum technology

Do you get paid for working with Quantum Technology?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[5],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[5].all[0],
       data.n_replies[5].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[5].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[5].student[0],
       data.n_replies[5].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[5].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[5].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[5].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[5].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 6
  }
)

7) Length of stay within the same company

If yes, on average, how long did you stay with previous employers before changing companies?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[6],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[6].all[0],
       data.n_replies[6].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[6].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[6].student[0],
       data.n_replies[6].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[6].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[6].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[6].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[6].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 7
  }
)

8) Work environment in quantum technology

If you work in quantum technology, how do you work?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[7],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[7].all[0],
       data.n_replies[7].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[7].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[7].student[0],
       data.n_replies[7].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[7].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[7].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[7].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[7].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 8
  }
)

9) Country of residence

In what country do you currently live?

Total answers: 1117

length_10 = data.replies_clean[8].length

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[8].slice(length_10 - 10, length_10),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,     
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    filters: false,
    width: width,     
    questionN: 9,
    nAnswers: []
  }
)

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[8].filter(d => 
    d.all_ratio > 0),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,     
    y: (d) => d.short_label,     
    filters: false,
    width: width,     
    questionN: 9,
    nAnswers: []
  }
)

10) Age

What is your age?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[9],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[9].all[0],
       data.n_replies[9].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[9].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[9].student[0],
       data.n_replies[9].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[9].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[9].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[9].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[9].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 10
  }
)

11) Educational background

What is your educational background?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[10],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[10].all[0],
       data.n_replies[10].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[10].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[10].student[0],
       data.n_replies[10].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[10].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[10].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[10].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[10].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 11
  }
)

12) Ethnicity

What race or ethnicity best describes you?

Total answers: 1097 (2025) – 787 (2024) – 604 (2023) – 172 (2022)

yearsData2024_12 = [
  {
    "short_label": "White or of European descent",
    "value": 41.7
  },
  {
    "short_label": "South Asian",
    "value": 18.8
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Hispanic or Latino",
    "value": 9.9
  },
  {
    "short_label": "East Asian",
    "value": 10
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Black or of African descent",
    "value": 5.2
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Middle Eastern",
    "value": 3.2
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Biracial/Multiracial",
    "value": 2.5
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Other",
    "value": 2.2
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Prefer Not to Share",
    "value": 8.5
  }
];

dataWith2024_12 = data.replies_clean[11].slice(0, data.replies_clean[11].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2024_12.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2024'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[11].slice(0, data.replies_clean[11].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2024,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 12,
    max: 50,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[11].all[0], '787'],
    compareWith: '2024',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

yearsData2023_12 = [
  {
    "short_label": "White or of European descent",
    "value": 44.4
  },
  {
    "short_label": "South Asian",
    "value": 18
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Hispanic or Latino",
    "value": 9.4
  },
  {
    "short_label": "East Asian",
    "value": 6.8
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Black or of African descent",
    "value": 4
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Middle Eastern",
    "value": 2.6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Biracial/Multiracial",
    "value": 2
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Other",
    "value": 2.6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Prefer Not to Share",
    "value": 10.1
  }
];

dataWith2023_12 = data.replies_clean[11].slice(0, data.replies_clean[11].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2023_12.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2023'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[11].slice(0, data.replies_clean[11].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2023,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 12,
    max: 50,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[11].all[0], '604'],
    compareWith: '2023',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

yearsData2022_12 = [
  {
    "short_label": "White or of European descent",
    "value": 52
  },
  {
    "short_label": "South Asian",
    "value": 12
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Hispanic or Latino",
    "value": 8
  },
  {
    "short_label": "East Asian",
    "value": 4
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Black or of African descent",
    "value": 6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Middle Eastern",
    "value": 3
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Biracial/Multiracial",
    "value": 4
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Other",
    "value": 2
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Prefer Not to Share",
    "value": 4
  }
];

dataWith2022_12 = data.replies_clean[11].slice(0, data.replies_clean[11].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2022_12.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2022'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[11].slice(0, data.replies_clean[11].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2022,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 12,
    max: 50,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[11].all[0], '172'],
    compareWith: '2022',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

13) Gender identity

What is your gender identity?

Total answers: 1118 (2025) – 796 (2024) – 618 (2023) – 172 (2022)

yearsData2024_13 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Man",
    "value": 78.4
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Woman",
    "value": 12.6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Prefer Not to Share",
    "value": 6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Non-binary, genderqueer or gender non-conforming",
    "value": 2.8
  }
];

dataWith2024_13 = data.replies_clean[12].slice(0, data.replies_clean[12].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2024_13.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2024'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[12].slice(0, data.replies_clean[12].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2024,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 13,
    max: 80,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[12].all[0], '796'],
    compareWith: '2024',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

yearsData2023_13 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Man",
    "value": 76.2
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Woman",
    "value": 15.4
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Prefer Not to Share",
    "value": 6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Non-binary, genderqueer or gender non-conforming",
    "value": 1.6
  }
];

dataWith2023_13 = data.replies_clean[12].slice(0, data.replies_clean[12].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2023_13.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2023'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[12].slice(0, data.replies_clean[12].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2023,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 13,
    max: 80,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[12].all[0], '618'],
    compareWith: '2023',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

yearsData2022_13 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Man",
    "value": 73
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Woman",
    "value": 19
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Prefer Not to Share",
    "value": 4
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Non-binary, genderqueer or gender non-conforming",
    "value": 3
  }
];

dataWith2022_13 = data.replies_clean[12].slice(0, data.replies_clean[12].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2022_13.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2022'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[12].slice(0, data.replies_clean[12].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2022,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 13,
    max: 80,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[12].all[0], '172'],
    compareWith: '2022',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

14) Years of professional experience

How many years of professional quantum experience do you have?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[13],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[13].all[0],
       data.n_replies[13].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[13].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[13].student[0],
       data.n_replies[13].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[13].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[13].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[13].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[13].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 14
  }
)

Experience

15) Quantum software use

Have you ever used any Quantum Software? Quantum Software is any tool that assists with connecting to quantum computing cloud services or research in the fields of quantum computing or quantum physics, as well as study, teach, learn, develop, simulate, or interact with quantum computing concepts.

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[14],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[14].all[0],
       data.n_replies[14].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[14].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[14].student[0],
       data.n_replies[14].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[14].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[14].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[14].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[14].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 15
  }
)

16) Primary Role in Quantum Software

When it comes to the Quantum Software project you are most involved in, what best describes your role during the last year?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[15],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[15].all[0],
       data.n_replies[15].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[15].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[15].student[0],
       data.n_replies[15].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[15].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[15].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[15].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[15].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 16
  }
)

Full-stack development platforms, compilers, and simulators

A full-stack development platform is a Software Development Kit (SDK) or framework to design quantum algorithms (including quantum circuits) and run them on real or simulated back-ends. A compiler is a tool that translates high-level quantum programming languages into lower-level instructions that can be executed by quantum hardware. A simulator is a quantum circuit simulator that emulates computations as were run on a quantum process unit (QPU).

17) Full-stack development platforms, compilers, and simulators used currently or in the future

Please select which of the following full-stack development platforms, compilers, and simulators you are currently using or would like to use in the future. Please select all that apply.

Total answers: 997

lists17v = JSON.parse(lists17);


array17 = lists17v.map((r) =>
mult_barchart(
  r.data,
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    z: r.tool,
    width: width,
    questionN: 17,
    max: 72// give the same scale to all charts
  }
))

// solo i primi 5
array17[13]

array17[14]

array17[15]

array17[11]

array17[7]

Tool	Have been using it in the last year	Plan to use it next year
BQSKit/bqskit	8.32	10.33
CQCL/guppylang	5.42	11.84
CQCL/lambeq	2.91	7.32
CQCL/t\|ket>	9.93	10.83
Classiq/classiq-library	19.86	18.05
HaeffnerLab/IonSim.jl	0.60	7.32
MSRudolph/PauliPropagation.jl	2.61	7.92
NVIDIA/CUDA Quantum	16.15	25.28
NVIDIA/cuQuantum	12.24	19.56
OpenQuantumDesign/equilux	1.50	7.22
PennyLaneAI/Catalyst	9.83	14.94
PennyLaneAI/PennyLane	30.79	21.66
PennylaneAI/PennyLane Lightning	17.25	16.15
Qiskit/Qiskit	69.11	31.19
Qiskit/Qiskit Aer	47.74	22.47
Qiskit/Qiskit-ibm-transpiler	40.12	19.96
Qiskit/rustworkx	14.24	13.94
QuEST-Kit/QuEST	2.81	8.53
QuTech-Delft/OpenQ	1.10	7.72
Quandela/Perceval	2.41	7.52
QuantumBFS/Yao.jl	1.30	7.92
Renmusxd/RustQIP	0.60	7.52
Riverlane/Deltakit	4.11	10.73
TeamGraphix/Graphix	1.60	7.42
XanaduAI/Strawberry Fields	4.31	9.13
amazon-braket/amazon-braket-sdk-python	12.14	16.05
baidu/QCompute	2.11	8.02
dakk/Qlasskit	2.71	7.62
dwavesystems/dwave-ocean-sdk	6.42	9.93
eclipse-xacc/XaCC	0.60	7.42
haiqu-ai/Rivet	0.80	7.82
harshangrjn/QuantumCircuitOpt.jl	1.81	7.22
inQWIRE/QWIRE	1.50	6.52
intel/Intel Quantum Simulator	3.91	9.23
jcmgray/quimb	5.12	9.13
microsoft/Q# (Qsharp)	8.32	11.74
munich-quantum-toolkit/DDSIM	2.11	7.32
munich-quantum-toolkit/core	2.71	7.82
nicolasloizeau/PauliStrings.jl	1.91	6.92
oqc-community/qat	1.81	7.02
pasqal-io/Pulser	3.51	8.32
pasqal/Bloqade	2.51	8.93
qBraid/qBraid SDK	12.94	11.33
qiboteam/Qibo	2.31	7.82
qojulia/QuantumOptics.jl	3.11	7.52
quantastica/quantum-circuit	3.71	6.92
quantumgizmos/ldpc	3.11	8.73
quantumlib/Cirq	17.45	12.44
quantumlib/Qsim	5.32	7.32
quantumlib/Qualtran	2.21	9.93
quil-lang/Quilc	1.20	7.22
quil-lang/qvm	1.50	7.12
qutip/QuTiP-qip	11.03	10.23
qutip/QuantumToolbox.jl	3.71	8.63
rigetti/pyQuil	3.41	8.73
sandbox-quantum/Tangelo	0.80	7.32
scqubits/scqubits	2.31	7.42
silq-lang/Silq	1.10	6.62
softwareQinc/Staq	0.70	6.62
softwareQinc/qpp (Q++)	1.71	7.42
tencent-quantum-lab/TensorCircuit	2.31	7.62
tequilahub/Tequila	1.50	7.22
unitaryfoundation/Qrack	1.71	7.82
unitaryfoundation/UCC	2.21	10.13
weinbe58/QuSpin	1.40	6.92
zxcalc/quizx	2.01	7.72

17b) Full-stack development platforms, compilers, and simulators: year comparison

Total answers: 997 (2025) – 722 (2024) – 629 (2023) – 485 (2022)

yearsData2024_17b = [
      { short_label: "Qiskit/Qiskit", value: 74.1 },
      { short_label: "Qiskit/Qiskit Aer", value: 49.3 },
      { short_label: "PennyLaneAI/PennyLane", value: 46.8 },
      { short_label: "quantumlib/Cirq", value: 24.2 },
      { short_label: "Qiskit/Qiskit-ibm-transpiler", value: 0 },
      { short_label: "Classiq/classiq-library", value: 0 },
      
    ];
    
nToShow17 = 6
length_17 = mylist17.length
    
dataWith2024_17b = mylist17.map((e, index) => {
  if (index < nToShow17){
    const d = yearsData2024_17b.find((d) => e.tool == d.short_label)
    e["data2024"] = d.value
  }
})

reversed17 = Array.from(
  mylist17,
  (e, i) => mylist17[mylist17.length - 1 - i]
).filter((_, originalIndexFromEnd) => {
  const originalIndex = mylist17.length - 1 - originalIndexFromEnd;
  return originalIndex !== 2 && originalIndex !== 4;
});

sliced17 = reversed17.slice(length_17 - nToShow17, length_17);

result17 = sliced17;

years_chart(
  result17,
  {
    x: (d) => d.val25,  
    x2: (d) => d.data2024,     
    y: (d) => d.tool,     
    width: width,     
    questionN: 17,
    max: 80, 
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[18].all[0], "1"],
    compareWith : "2024",
    shownAnswers : false,
  }
)

yearsData2023_17b = [
      { short_label: "Qiskit/Qiskit", value: 68.8 },
      { short_label: "Qiskit/Qiskit Aer", value: 46.4 },
      { short_label: "PennyLaneAI/PennyLane", value: 29 },
      { short_label: "quantumlib/Cirq", value: 22.8 },
      { short_label: "Qiskit/Qiskit-ibm-transpiler", value: 0 },
      { short_label: "Classiq/classiq-library", value: 0 },
    ];
    
dataWith2023_17b = mylist17.map((e, index) => {
  if (index < nToShow17){
    const d = yearsData2023_17b.find((d) => e.tool == d.short_label)
    e["data2023"] = d.value
  }
})

years_chart(
  result17,
  {
    x: (d) => d.val25,  
    x2: (d) => d.data2023,     
    y: (d) => d.tool,     
    width: width,     
    questionN: 17,
    max: 80, 
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[18].all[0], "1"],
    compareWith : "2023",
    shownAnswers : false,
  }
)

yearsData2022_17b = [
      { short_label: "Qiskit/Qiskit", value: 81 },
      { short_label: "Qiskit/Qiskit Aer", value: 50},
      { short_label: "PennyLaneAI/PennyLane", value: 29 },
      { short_label: "quantumlib/Cirq", value: 29},
      { short_label: "Qiskit/Qiskit-ibm-transpiler", value: 0 },
      { short_label: "Classiq/classiq-library", value: 0 },
    ];
    
dataWith2022_17b = mylist17.map((e, index) => {
  if (index < nToShow17){
    const d = yearsData2022_17b.find((d) => e.tool == d.short_label)
    e["data2022"] = d.value
  }
})

years_chart(
  result17,
  {
    x: (d) => d.val25,  
    x2: (d) => d.data2022,     
    y: (d) => d.tool,     
    width: width,     
    questionN: 17,
    max: 80, 
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[18].all[0], "1"],
    compareWith : "2022",
    shownAnswers : false,
  }
)

Cloud Services

A Cloud Service allows access to quantum processors or simulators via a remote API. Examples are the IBM Quantum, Rigetti Cloud Services, AWS Braket, etc.

18) Cloud services used currently or in the future

Please select which of the following cloud services for quantum software you are currently using and which services you would like to use in the next year? Please select all that apply.

Total answers: 852

array18 = data.replies_clean[17].map((r) =>
mult_barchart(
  r.data,
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    z: r.tool,
    width: width,
    questionN: 18,
    max: 70 // give the same scale to all charts
  }
))

// solo i primi 5
array18[0]

array18[1]

array18[2]

array18[3]

array18[4]

Tool	Have been using it in the last year	Plan to use it next year
IBM Quantum Platform	65.5	36.0
Classiq	21.8	20.3
Amazon Braket	16.4	22.7
Microsoft Azure Quantum	11.5	17.6
qBraid	16.8	11.5
IonQ Quantum Cloud	8.1	14.4
Quantinuum Nexus	7.5	14.4
Xanadu Cloud	6.0	14.9
DWave Leap	7.4	11.4
Rigetti Quantum Cloud Services	4.0	11.3
BlueQubit	4.2	8.3
Pasqal Cloud Services	3.2	8.6
Infleqtion Superstaq	2.5	8.2
QuTech-Delft Quantum Inspire	0.8	9.0
Quandela Cloud	1.5	8.0
Strangeworks Quantum Computing Platform	1.5	7.6

18b) Cloud services: year comparison

Total answers: 852 (2025) – 722 (2024) – 629 (2023) – 485 (2022)

yearsData2024_18b = [
      { short_label: "IBM Quantum Platform", value: 69.3 },
      { short_label: "Classiq", value: 0 },
      { short_label: "Amazon Braket", value: 20 },
      { short_label: "Microsoft Azure Quantum", value: 10 },
      { short_label: "qBraid", value: 14.9 },
      { short_label: "IonQ Quantum Cloud", value: 8.4 },
      { short_label: "Quantinuum Nexus", value: 6.4 },
      { short_label: "Xanadu Cloud", value: 18.9 },
      { short_label: "DWave Leap", value: 10.5 }
    ];
    
nToShow = 9
length_18 = data.replies_clean[18].length
    
dataWith2024_18b = mylist.map((e, index) => {
  if (index < nToShow){
    const d = yearsData2024_18b.find((d) => e.tool == d.short_label)
    e["data2024"] = d.value
  }
})

reversed18 = Array.from(
  mylist,
  (e, i) => mylist[mylist.length - 1 - i]
).filter((_, originalIndexFromEnd) => {
  const originalIndex = mylist.length - 1 - originalIndexFromEnd;
  return originalIndex !== 1;
});

sliced18 = reversed18.slice(length_18 - nToShow, length_18);

result18 = sliced18;


years_chart(
  result18,
  {
    x: (d) => d.val25,  
    x2: (d) => d.data2024,     
    y: (d) => d.tool,     
    width: width,     
    questionN: 18,
    max: 80, 
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[18].all[0], "485"],
    compareWith : "2024",
    shownAnswers : false,
  }
)

yearsData2023_18b = [
      { short_label: "IBM Quantum Platform", value: 70.4 },
      { short_label: "Classiq", value: 0 },
      { short_label: "Amazon Braket", value: 19.1 },
      { short_label: "Microsoft Azure Quantum", value: 12.3 },
      { short_label: "qBraid", value: 9.2 },
      { short_label: "IonQ Quantum Cloud", value: 6.6 },
      { short_label: "Quantinuum Nexus", value: 17.9 },
      { short_label: "Xanadu Cloud", value: 16.8 },
      { short_label: "DWave Leap", value: 7.9 }
    ];
    
dataWith2023_18b = mylist.map((e, index) => {
  if (index < nToShow){
    const d = yearsData2023_18b.find((d) => e.tool == d.short_label)
    e["data2023"] = d.value
  }
})

years_chart(
  result18,
  {
    x: (d) => d.val25,  
    x2: (d) => d.data2023,     
    y: (d) => d.tool,     
    width: width,     
    questionN: 18,
    max: 80, 
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[18].all[0], "485"],
    compareWith : "2023",
    shownAnswers : false,
  }
)

yearsData2022_18b = [
      { short_label: "IBM Quantum Platform", value: 80 },
      { short_label: "Classiq", value: 0 },
      { short_label: "Amazon Braket", value: 21 },
      { short_label: "Microsoft Azure Quantum", value: 15 },
      { short_label: "qBraid", value: 9 },
      { short_label: "IonQ Quantum Cloud", value: 8 },
      { short_label: "Quantinuum Nexus", value: 8 },
      { short_label: "Xanadu Cloud", value: 16 },
      { short_label: "DWave Leap", value: 12 }
    ];
    
dataWith2022_18b = mylist.map((e, index) => {
  if (index < nToShow){
    const d = yearsData2022_18b.find((d) => e.tool == d.short_label)
    e["data2022"] = d.value
  }
})

years_chart(
  result18,
  {
    x: (d) => d.val25,  
    x2: (d) => d.data2022,     
    y: (d) => d.tool,     
    width: width,     
    questionN: 18,
    max: 80, 
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[18].all[0], "485"],
    compareWith : "2022",
    shownAnswers : false,
  }
)

Software for applications and tools

Software for applications and tools refers to software for domain specific (such as machine learning or finance) or task specific (such as a quantum circuit debugger)

19) Softwares for applications and tools used currently or in the future

Please select which of the following software for applications and tools you are currently using as quantum software and which software you would like to use in the next year. Please select all that apply.

Total answers: 787

lists19v = JSON.parse(lists19);


array19 = lists19v.map((r) =>
mult_barchart(
  r.data,
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    z: r.tool,
    width: width,
    questionN: 19,
    max: 30 // give the same scale to all charts
  }
))

// solo i primi 5
array19[17]

array19[19]

array19[5]

array19[1]

array19[14]

Tool	Have been using it in the last year	Plan to use it next year
BQSKit/bqskit	6.48	10.17
Classiq/classiq-library	21.98	20.84
Infleqtion/Superstaq	2.41	7.75
JuliaQuantumControl/Krotov.jl	1.52	7.24
NetKet/NetKet	1.91	7.50
PennyLaneAI/qml	25.41	20.97
Qiskit/qiskit	0.38	0.38
Qiskit/qiskit-serverless	15.37	16.01
XanaduAI/thewalrus	2.16	8.13
dwavesystems/dimod	5.72	8.13
dwavesystems/dwave-cloud-client	4.83	9.40
entropicalabs/openqaoa	2.67	7.62
hongyehu/PyClifford	2.16	7.24
mit-han-lab/torchquantum	4.07	9.66
openqasm/openqasm	20.84	18.30
pasqal-io/qadence	2.54	7.62
qiskit-community/qiskit-finance	14.61	15.50
qiskit-community/qiskit-machine-learning	27.57	22.36
qiskit-community/qiskit-nature	20.33	17.79
qiskit-community/qiskit-optimization	26.18	20.58
qiskit/qiskit-addon-sqd	17.53	16.77
quantumlib/OpenFermion	8.01	10.67
qucontrol/krotov	1.27	7.37
tensorflow/quantum	9.91	15.76
unitaryfoundation/mitiq	9.02	14.10
vprusso/toqito	1.65	7.24
zxcalc/pyzx	6.86	12.58

20) Use of software for hardware design and low-level device control

Do you use software for hardware design or low-level device control?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[19],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[19].all[0],
       data.n_replies[19].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[19].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[19].student[0],
       data.n_replies[19].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[19].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[19].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[19].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[19].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 20
  }
)

21) Software list for hardware design and low-level device control

If you use software for hardware design and low-level device control, what software do you use?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[20],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[20].all[0],
       data.n_replies[20].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[20].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[20].student[0],
       data.n_replies[20].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[20].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[20].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[20].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[20].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 21
  }
)

22) Use of software for error correction

Do you use software for quantum error correction?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[21],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[21].all[0],
       data.n_replies[21].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[21].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[21].student[0],
       data.n_replies[21].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[21].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[21].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[21].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[21].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 22
  }
)

23) Software list for quantum error correction

If you use software for Quantum Error Correction, what software do you use?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[22],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[22].all[0],
       data.n_replies[22].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[22].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[22].student[0],
       data.n_replies[22].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[22].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[22].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[22].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[22].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 23
  }
)

24) Main reasons for not using QEC technologies that respondents would like to use but are not currently using

For QEC technologies that you would like to use but are not currently using, what are the main reasons for not currently using them?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[23],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[23].all[0],
       data.n_replies[23].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[23].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[23].student[0],
       data.n_replies[23].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[23].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[23].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[23].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[23].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 24
  }
)

25) Use of software for high-performance computing

Do you use software for high-performance computing in your quantum workflows?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[24],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[24].all[0],
       data.n_replies[24].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[24].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[24].student[0],
       data.n_replies[24].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[24].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[24].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[24].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[24].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 25
  }
)

26) Software list for high-performance computing

If you use software for HPC, what software do you use?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[25],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[25].all[0],
       data.n_replies[25].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[25].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[25].student[0],
       data.n_replies[25].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[25].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[25].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[25].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[25].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 26
  }
)

User experience

27) Ranking of most important factors in choosing a Cloud Service

When choosing Cloud Services, please rank which of the following factors is most important to you. Respondents were asked to drag and drop all answers into a ranked list.

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[26],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[26].all[0],
       data.n_replies[26].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[26].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[26].student[0],
       data.n_replies[26].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[26].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[26].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[26].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[26].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 27,
     symbol: '', 
     legendForRating: true, 
  }
)

28) Ranking of most important factors in choosing a Development Platform

When choosing Full Stack Development Platforms, Compilers, and Simulators, please rank which of the following factors is most important to you. Respondents were asked to drag and drop all answers into a ranked list.

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[27],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[27].all[0],
       data.n_replies[27].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[27].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[27].student[0],
       data.n_replies[27].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[27].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[27].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[27].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[27].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 28,
     symbol: '', 
     legendForRating: true, 
  }
)

29) Ranking of most important factors in choosing an Application/Tool

When choosing Software for Application/Tools, please rank which of the following factors is most important to you. Respondents were asked to drag and drop all answers into a ranked list.

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[28],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[28].all[0],
       data.n_replies[28].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[28].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[28].student[0],
       data.n_replies[28].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[28].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[28].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[28].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[28].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 29,
     symbol: '', 
     legendForRating: true, 
  }
)

30) Main reasons for not using the technologies that respondents would like to use but are not currently using

For the technologies that you would like to use but are not currently using, what are the main reasons for not currently using them?

Total answers: 698 (2025) – 569 (2024) – 425 (2023) – 508 (2022)

yearsData2024_30 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Poorly documented",
    "value": 50.8
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Price",
    "value": 47.5
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Incompatible with current stack",
    "value": 35.3
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Tool does not exist",
    "value": 33.7
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Others",
    "value": 9.7
  }
];

dataWith2024_30 = data.replies_clean[29].slice(0, data.replies_clean[29].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2024_30.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2024'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[29].slice(0, data.replies_clean[29].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2024,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 30,
    max: 52,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[29].all[0], '569'],
    compareWith: '2024',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

yearsData2023_30 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Poorly documented",
    "value": 49.4
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Price",
    "value": 48.7
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Incompatible with current stack",
    "value": 32.2
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Tool does not exist",
    "value": 30.6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Others",
    "value": 13.2
  }
];

dataWith2023_30 = data.replies_clean[29].slice(0, data.replies_clean[29].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2023_30.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2023'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[29].slice(0, data.replies_clean[29].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2023,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 30,
    max: 52,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[29].all[0], '425'],
    compareWith: '2023',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

yearsData2022_30 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Poorly documented",
    "value": 42
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Price",
    "value": 44
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Incompatible with current stack",
    "value": 29
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Tool does not exist",
    "value": 38
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Others",
    "value": 17
  }
];

dataWith2022_30 = data.replies_clean[29].slice(0, data.replies_clean[29].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2022_30.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2022'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[29].slice(0, data.replies_clean[29].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2022,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 30,
    max: 52,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[29].all[0], '508'],
    compareWith: '2022',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

Open Source Software (OSS) Development & Research

31) Code contributions to quantum OSS projects (can be collaborative or personal projects)

Do you contribute code to quantum OSS projects (can be collaborative or personal projects)?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[30],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[30].all[0],
       data.n_replies[30].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[30].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[30].student[0],
       data.n_replies[30].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[30].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[30].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[30].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[30].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 31
  }
)

32) Contributions to quantum OSS as part of scientific research in the quantum field

Are your contributions to quantum OSS part of your scientific research in the quantum field?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[31],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[31].all[0],
       data.n_replies[31].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[31].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[31].student[0],
       data.n_replies[31].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[31].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[31].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[31].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[31].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 32
  }
)

33) The type of quantum computing research the respondent performs

Please select the type of quantum computing research you are performing. Please check all that apply.

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[32],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[32].all[0],
       data.n_replies[32].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[32].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[32].student[0],
       data.n_replies[32].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[32].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[32].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[32].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[32].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 33
  }
)

34) Area of quantum computing believed to be the most promising for future research

Please select the area of quantum computing you believe to be the most promising for future research. Please check all that apply.

Total answers: 807 (2025) – 807 (2024) – 499 (2023)

yearsData2024_34 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Algorithm development",
    "value": 56.3
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Error correction",
    "value": 51.6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Application development",
    "value": 45.5
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Quantum simulation/Physics",
    "value": 40.7
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Hardware development",
    "value": 33.7
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Circuit development & optimization",
    "value": 34.2
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Error mitigation",
    "value": 28.1
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Quantum Information Theory",
    "value": 25.8
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Software Engineering",
    "value": 26.6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Fundamental Physics",
    "value": 17.7
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Qubit characterization",
    "value": 13.3
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Others",
    "value": 2.1
  },
  {
    "short_label": "None of the above",
    "value": 0
  }
];

dataWith2024_34 = data.replies_clean[33].slice(0, data.replies_clean[33].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2024_34.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2024'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[33].slice(0, data.replies_clean[33].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2024,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 34,
    max: 60,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[33].all[0], '807'],
    compareWith: '2024',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

yearsData2023_34 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Algorithm development",
    "value": 55.9
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Error correction",
    "value": 49.5
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Application development",
    "value": 39.9
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Quantum simulation/Physics",
    "value": 39.1
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Hardware development",
    "value": 37.3
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Circuit development & optimization",
    "value": 33.1
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Error mitigation",
    "value": 31.1
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Quantum Information Theory",
    "value": 26.5
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Software Engineering",
    "value": 25.7
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Fundamental Physics",
    "value": 16.2
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Qubit characterization",
    "value": 14.4
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Others",
    "value": 1.6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "None of the above",
    "value": 0
  }
];

dataWith2023_34 = data.replies_clean[33].slice(0, data.replies_clean[33].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2023_34.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2023'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[33].slice(0, data.replies_clean[33].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2023,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 34,
    max: 60,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[33].all[0], '499'],
    compareWith: '2023',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

35) Co-authored a research paper based on work with open-source software

Have you co-authored a research paper based on work with open-source software?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[34],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
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       data.n_replies[34].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[34].student[0],
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       data.n_replies[34].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[34].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[34].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[34].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 35
  }
)

36) Programming languages the respondents use in developing quantum software

Which programming languages do you use in developing quantum software? Please select all that apply.

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[36],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
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     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
       data.n_replies[36].all[0],
       data.n_replies[36].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[36].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[36].student[0],
       data.n_replies[36].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[36].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[36].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[36].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[36].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 37
  }
)

36b) Programming languages the respondent use in developing quantum software, comparison by year

Total answers: 828 (2025) – 615 (2024) – 513 (2023) – 542 (2022)

yearsData2024_37 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Python",
    "value": 94.8
  },
  {
    "short_label": "C/C++",
    "value": 26.5
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Julia",
    "value": 11.5
  },
  {
    "short_label": "MATLAB",
    "value": 10.9
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Rust",
    "value": 13.2
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Mathematica",
    "value": 6.8
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Q#",
    "value": 6.8
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Javascript",
    "value": 5.7
  }
];

dataWith2024_37 = data.replies_clean[36].slice(4, data.replies_clean[36].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2024_37.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2024'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[36].slice(4, data.replies_clean[36].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2024,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 37,
    max: 97,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[36].all[0], '615'],
    compareWith: '2024',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

yearsData2023_37 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Python",
    "value": 94.5
  },
  {
    "short_label": "C/C++",
    "value": 24.2
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Julia",
    "value": 14.6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "MATLAB",
    "value": 9.9
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Rust",
    "value": 9.2
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Mathematica",
    "value": 8.6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Q#",
    "value": 6.6
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Javascript",
    "value": 6.6
  }
];

dataWith2023_37 = data.replies_clean[36].slice(4, data.replies_clean[36].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2023_37.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2023'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[36].slice(4, data.replies_clean[36].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2023,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 37,
    max: 97,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[36].all[0], '513'],
    compareWith: '2023',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

yearsData2022_37 = [
  {
    "short_label": "Python",
    "value": 94
  },
  {
    "short_label": "C/C++",
    "value": 26
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Julia",
    "value": 10
  },
  {
    "short_label": "MATLAB",
    "value": 10
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Rust",
    "value": 7
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Mathematica",
    "value": 10
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Q#",
    "value": 5
  },
  {
    "short_label": "Javascript",
    "value": 6
  }
];

dataWith2022_37 = data.replies_clean[36].slice(4, data.replies_clean[36].length).map((e, index) => {
  const d = yearsData2022_37.find((d) => d.short_label == e.short_label);
  e['data2022'] = d ? d.value : 0;
})

years_chart(
  data.replies_clean[36].slice(4, data.replies_clean[36].length),
  {
    x: (d) => d.all_ratio,
    x2: (d) => d.data2022,
    y: (d) => d.short_label,
    width: width,
    questionN: 37,
    max: 97,
    nAnswers: [data.n_replies[36].all[0], '542'],
    compareWith: '2022',
    shownAnswers: false
  }
)

37) Programming languages the respondents would like to learn, or consider to be the most promising for future use

Which programming languages would you like to learn, or consider to be the most promising for future use? Please select all that apply.

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[37],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
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       data.n_replies[37].software_developer[0],
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       data.n_replies[37].other_role[0],
       data.n_replies[37].academic_institution[0],
       data.n_replies[37].enterprise_organization[0],
       data.n_replies[37].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[37].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 38
  }
)

38) Workflow used in developing quantum software

Which of the below workflows do you use in developing quantum software? Please select all that apply.

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[38],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
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       data.n_replies[38].other_role[0],
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       data.n_replies[38].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[38].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 39
  }
)

39) Platform used in hackathons or live coding sessions

In a hackathon or live coding session, what platform do you like using? Please select all that apply.

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[39],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
     xFilter2_1: (d) => d.academic_institution_ratio, 
     xFilter2_2: (d) => d.enterprise_organization_ratio, 
     xFilter2_3: (d) => d.startup_ratio, 
     xFilter2_4: (d) => d.other_affiliation_ratio, 
     y: (d) => d.short_label, 
     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
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       data.n_replies[39].researcher[0],
       data.n_replies[39].software_developer[0],
       data.n_replies[39].student[0],
       data.n_replies[39].other_role[0],
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       data.n_replies[39].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[39].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 40
  }
)

40) Use of resource estimation for software development and research

Do you use resource estimation for software development and research?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[40],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
     xFilter1_2: (d) => d.software_developer_ratio, 
     xFilter1_3: (d) => d.student_ratio, 
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     nAnswers: [
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     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 41
  }
)

41) Role of resource estimation

If yes, what do you use resource estimation for?

Total answers: 102

This was an open-ended question. These are the main categories of responses given by users.

Community

42) The impact of open source software on the quantum software community

In your opinion, what is the impact of open source software on the quantum software community?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[42],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
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     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 43
  }
)

43) Source of answers or information when developing quantum software

When it comes to developing quantum software, where do you go for answers or information?

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[43],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
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     filterLabels1: ['All', 'Researcher','Software Developer','Student','Other Role'],
     filterLabels2: ['Academic Institution', 'Enterprise Organization', 'Startup', 'Other Organization Type'],
     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
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       data.n_replies[43].startup[0],
       data.n_replies[43].other_affiliation[0]
     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 44
  }
)

44) The types of resources/engagements helpful for learning or contributing to quantum open source projects

Which of the following types of resources/ engagements do you find helpful for your learning or contributing to quantum open source projects? Please select all that apply.

h_barchart(
  data.replies_clean[44],
  { x: (d) => d.all_ratio, 
     xFilter1_1: (d) => d.researcher_ratio, 
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     xFilter1_4: (d) => d.other_role_ratio, 
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     filters: true,
     nAnswers: [
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     ],
     width: width,
     questionN: 45
  }
)

45) Feedback on the quantum OSS community

Is there something you’d like to say about the quantum OSS community that you think is important feedback?

Total answers: 88

This was an open-ended question. These are the main categories of responses given by users.

Methodology

The quantum OSS projects listed in the software survey have been chosen among those with >50 stars on Github/GitLab included in the awesome-quantum-software list and other lists, excluding software focusing on tutorials, cryptography, experiments, and with commits within the last 12 months. The software projects and platforms have been divided in three categories: cloud services; software for full-stack development, compilers and simulators; and application tools. Software and tools that are represented for the first time this year are not shown in the year-to-year comparison questions.

A draft of the survey was circulated among the Unitary Foundation advisory board, executive board, program members, and partners for feedback. The survey was open from Sept. 2 – Oct. 5, 2025. The data is stored at github.com/unitaryfoundation/qoss-survey.

Unitary Foundation circulated the survey on its social media platforms (Discord, X, LinkedIn, UF blog) and contacting major blogs (QC Report, Qiskit Slack channels, PennyLane blog, etc.), newsletters (UF mailing list, QuTiP mailing list, academic networks, etc.), UF members, supporters and partners.

This is all possible thanks to UF’s amazing members and supporters. Thank you to all that have participated.